Introduction
When it comes to learning a new language, one of the most crucial areas to understand is the grammatical construct of the definite and indefinite forms. In English, this is often demonstrated through the usage of articles, ‘a’, ‘an’, and ‘the’. In Norwegian, however, the concept is expressed differently and involves a change in the form of the noun itself. In this article, we’ll dive into how to use the definite form (or ‘the definite tense’) in Norwegian.
Background of Norwegian Definites
Norwegian is a North Germanic language sharing many similarities with Swedish and Danish. One characteristic is the incorporation of definiteness as a morphological feature on the noun. That means, instead of having a separate word for ‘the’ like in English, Norwegian adds a suffix to the noun.
Forming Definite Nouns in Norwegian
To create the definite form of a noun in Norwegian, you add a suffix to the end of the word. This is often called “postfixed definite articles.” The definite articles in Norwegian are “-en”, “-et” and “-a”. “-en” is used for masculine nouns, “-et” for neuter, and “-a” for feminine.
For instance:
- en hund (a dog) -> hunden (the dog)
- et hus (a house) -> huset (the house)
- ei bok (a book) -> boka (the book)
However, note that the masculine often replaces the feminine form in some dialects and in bokmål, one of the two official written forms of Norwegian.
Plural Definites
For plurals, the suffixes are “-ene” and “-a”. “-ene” is used for masculine and feminine nouns, and “-a” or “-ene” for neuter nouns.
Examples:
- hunder (dogs) -> hundene (the dogs)
- hus (houses) -> husa (the houses)
- bøker (books) -> bøkene (the books)
Again, keep in mind that dialects and personal preferences may influence which form is used.
Adjectives with Definite Nouns
When you use an adjective with a definite noun, the definite article is also added to the adjective. And you still keep the definite ending on the noun.
Example:
- den store hunden (the big dog)
- det store huset (the big house)
- den store boka (the big book)
Exceptions and Irregularities
Like any language, Norwegian has its share of irregularities. For example, some nouns have irregular plural forms, and this irregularity is also reflected in their definite forms. An example is “mann” (man), whose definite form is “mannen,” but the plural is “menn,” and the definite plural is “mennene.”
Conclusion
Learning how to use the definite tense in Norwegian is a crucial step in mastering the language. Remember, practice makes perfect. Use flashcards, speak with native speakers, write sentences, and consistently expose yourself to the language. Before you know it, you’ll be using definite forms as naturally as a native Norwegian speaker.
If you want to learn Norwegian, you can register for classes here. If you want to check you Norwegian level for free, you can do that here. We look forward to hearing from you and helping you become fluent in Norwegian!
