Gerunds vs Infinitives: A Guide for English Learners

In the realm of English grammar, gerunds and infinitives play a pivotal role in sentence construction and meaning. Both forms derive from verbs but serve distinct functions within a sentence. A gerund is formed by adding “-ing” to a verb, transforming it into a noun-like entity.

For instance, “running” or “swimming” can be used to describe activities or concepts. On the other hand, an infinitive is the base form of a verb, typically preceded by “to,” such as “to run” or “to swim.” Understanding the nuances between these two forms is essential for mastering English syntax and enhancing one’s communicative abilities. The significance of gerunds and infinitives extends beyond mere grammatical correctness; they enrich the language by allowing speakers and writers to express complex ideas succinctly.

Whether one is discussing hobbies, intentions, or preferences, the choice between using a gerund or an infinitive can subtly alter the meaning of a sentence. As learners delve deeper into the intricacies of English, they will find that mastering gerunds and infinitives not only improves their writing but also enhances their spoken communication. Are you ready for your next chapter? Your journey to fluent English begins here at NLS, Oslo’s trusted language school.

Summary

• Gerunds and infinitives are both verb forms that can function as nouns in a sentence.
• Gerunds end in -ing and are used to talk about actions as nouns.
• Infinitives are the base form of the verb with ‘to’ in front (e.g. to run, to eat) and can also function as nouns.
• Gerunds can be used as the subject of a sentence, such as “Swimming is my favourite hobby.”
• Infinitives can also be used as the subject of a sentence, for example, “To travel is my dream.”

Understanding the Difference between Gerunds and Infinitives

The distinction between gerunds and infinitives is often a source of confusion for English learners. While both forms can function as nouns, their usage is governed by different rules and contexts. Gerunds are typically used to express ongoing actions or states, while infinitives often convey intentions or future actions.

For example, saying “I enjoy swimming” implies a current enjoyment of the activity, whereas “I want to swim” indicates a desire to engage in that activity at some point in the future. Moreover, certain verbs are followed exclusively by one form or the other, which adds another layer of complexity to their usage. For instance, one might say “I love reading,” but it would be incorrect to say “I love to read” in this context.

Conversely, with verbs like “decide,” one would say “I decided to go,” not “I decided going.” Recognising these patterns is crucial for learners aiming to achieve fluency and precision in their English communication.

Using Gerunds as Subjects in a Sentence

Gerunds can effectively serve as the subject of a sentence, allowing for a smooth flow of ideas. When a gerund takes on this role, it transforms an action into a concept that can be discussed or analysed. For example, in the sentence “Swimming is my favourite sport,” the gerund “swimming” acts as the subject, indicating what the speaker enjoys.

This construction not only conveys information but also adds a personal touch to the statement. Using gerunds as subjects can also help in creating more engaging and dynamic sentences. For instance, “Reading broadens your horizons” emphasises the action of reading as a valuable activity.

This structure allows speakers to highlight their interests or opinions while maintaining grammatical correctness. As learners become more comfortable with this usage, they will find that incorporating gerunds as subjects can enhance their writing style and make their communication more impactful.

Using Infinitives as Subjects in a Sentence

Infinitives can also function as subjects in sentences, although this usage is less common than that of gerunds. When an infinitive serves as the subject, it often conveys a sense of purpose or intention. For example, in the sentence “To travel is my dream,” the infinitive “to travel” acts as the subject, expressing a desire or aspiration.

This construction can lend a formal tone to writing and is often found in literary or academic contexts. While using infinitives as subjects may not be as frequent as using gerunds, it can still be an effective way to convey specific meanings. For instance, “To learn is essential for personal growth” highlights the importance of learning in a clear and direct manner.

As learners explore this structure, they will discover that employing infinitives as subjects can add variety to their writing and help articulate their thoughts with clarity.

Using Gerunds and Infinitives as Objects in a Sentence

Both gerunds and infinitives can function as objects in sentences, but their usage depends on the verb preceding them. Some verbs are followed by gerunds, while others require infinitives. For example, one might say “I enjoy hiking,” where “hiking” is the object of the verb “enjoy.” In contrast, with a verb like “hope,” one would say “I hope to travel,” where “to travel” serves as the object of “hope.” Understanding which verbs pair with which forms is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences.

The choice between using a gerund or an infinitive as an object can significantly alter the meaning of a sentence. For instance, “I stopped smoking” implies that the speaker has quit the habit altogether, while “I stopped to smoke” suggests that the speaker paused an activity specifically to engage in smoking. Such distinctions highlight the importance of mastering gerund and infinitive usage for effective communication.

Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds

Certain verbs are consistently followed by gerunds, making it essential for learners to familiarise themselves with these patterns. Common examples include verbs like “enjoy,” “consider,” “avoid,” and “suggest.” For instance, one might say “I enjoy painting,” where “painting” follows the verb “enjoy.” Similarly, “She suggested going to the cinema” demonstrates how “going” functions as a gerund after “suggested.” Recognising these common verb patterns can greatly enhance one’s fluency in English. By incorporating gerunds into their speech and writing, learners can express their thoughts more naturally and accurately.

Additionally, understanding which verbs require gerunds allows for smoother sentence construction and reduces the likelihood of grammatical errors.

Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives

Just as certain verbs are followed by gerunds, others are exclusively paired with infinitives. Familiarity with these verbs is crucial for learners aiming to communicate effectively in English. Common examples include verbs such as “want,” “need,” “decide,” and “promise.” For instance, one might say “I want to learn Spanish,” where “to learn” follows the verb “want.” Similarly, “He promised to help me” illustrates how “to help” functions as an infinitive after “promised.” Mastering these verb patterns not only aids in grammatical accuracy but also enriches one’s vocabulary and expression.

By using infinitives appropriately, learners can convey intentions and desires clearly and concisely. This understanding will ultimately contribute to more effective communication in both spoken and written English.

Using Gerunds and Infinitives after Prepositions

When it comes to prepositions, gerunds are typically used following them. This rule is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences. For example, one might say “She is interested in learning new languages,” where “learning” follows the preposition “in.” In contrast, infinitives are generally not used after prepositions; instead, they often appear at the beginning of phrases or clauses.

Understanding this distinction is vital for learners seeking to improve their writing skills. By correctly using gerunds after prepositions, they can create more fluid and coherent sentences. For instance, saying “He is good at playing chess” demonstrates proper usage of a gerund following a preposition.

This knowledge will enhance learners’ ability to express themselves clearly and accurately in various contexts.

Expressing Purpose with Gerunds and Infinitives

Both gerunds and infinitives can be employed to express purpose in sentences, although they do so in slightly different ways. Infinitives are often used to indicate intention or aim directly. For example, one might say “I study hard to pass my exams,” where the infinitive phrase explains the purpose of studying hard.

This construction clearly conveys the speaker’s goal. Conversely, gerunds can also express purpose but do so in a more indirect manner. For instance, saying “I went running for exercise” implies that running serves the purpose of exercising without explicitly stating it as an intention.

While both forms can convey purpose effectively, choosing between them depends on the context and desired emphasis within the sentence.

Using Gerunds and Infinitives with Modal Verbs

Modal verbs such as “can,” “should,” and “must” present unique considerations when used with gerunds and infinitives. Generally speaking, modal verbs are followed by base forms of verbs rather than gerunds or infinitives. For example, one would say “You should study more,” not “You should studying more.” However, when expressing ability or permission with modal verbs like “can,” one might use gerunds: “I can swim well.” Understanding how modal verbs interact with gerunds and infinitives is crucial for learners aiming for grammatical precision in their speech and writing.

By mastering these structures, they will be better equipped to convey their thoughts clearly while adhering to standard English conventions.

Common Mistakes to Avoid when Using Gerunds and Infinitives

As with any aspect of language learning, common pitfalls exist when it comes to using gerunds and infinitives correctly. One frequent mistake involves confusing which form follows specific verbs; for instance, saying “I enjoy to swim” instead of “I enjoy swimming.” Such errors can lead to misunderstandings or miscommunications. Another common mistake arises when learners fail to recognise that some verbs can be followed by either form but with different meanings.

For example, “I remember locking the door” implies that the speaker recalls having locked it in the past; however, “I remember to lock the door” suggests that they remember to perform that action in the future. Being aware of these nuances will help learners avoid confusion and communicate more effectively. In conclusion, mastering gerunds and infinitives is essential for anyone looking to improve their English language skills.

The NLS Norwegian Language School in Oslo offers comprehensive courses tailored specifically for those eager to enhance their understanding of English grammar. With expert instructors guiding students through these complexities, learners will gain confidence in using gerunds and infinitives correctly in both spoken and written contexts. Whether you are preparing for exams or simply wish to communicate more effectively in English-speaking environments, NLS provides an excellent opportunity to refine your skills and achieve your language goals.

Ready to master English? Enroll now at NLS.